For example, in some grains, an increase in seed size may have resulted from certain ploughing practices rather than from the intentional selection of larger seeds. Selective breeding can be unintentional, for example, resulting from the process of human cultivation and it may also produce unintended – desirable or undesirable – results. The deliberate exploitation of selective breeding to produce desired results has become very common in agriculture and experimental biology. Darwin used artificial selection as an analogy to propose and explain the theory of natural selection but distinguished the latter from the former as a separate process that is non-directed. Its first chapter discusses selective breeding and domestication of such animals as pigeons, cats, cattle, and dogs. Charles Darwin discussed how selective breeding had been successful in producing change over time in his 1859 book, On the Origin of Species. In plant breeding, similar methods are used. In animal breeding, techniques such as inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing are utilized. Flowers, vegetables and fruit-trees may be bred by amateurs and commercial or non-commercial professionals: major crops are usually the provenance of the professionals. Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.
#Animal breeder synonyms professional#
Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while domesticated plants are known as varieties, cultigens, cultivars, or breeds. Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Selective breeding transformed teosinte's few fruitcases (left) into modern maize's rows of exposed kernels (right).
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